The possibility to obtain a point-of-care DA detection method is undoubtedly interesting and useful for a rapid screening of the DA levels in blood, saliva and urine. However, these techniques require expert personal, high-cost, long and complicated analysis. Different DA detection methods have been reported, including chromatographic, electrophoretic, electrochemical and methods based on Surface Plasmon Resonance. In normal conditions, the DA concentration in plasma is around 20 ng/mL, 18.9 pg/mL in saliva and is 0.2–1 mg/mL in human urine. For these reasons, DA sensing is crucial to monitoring the human health condition. In particular, alteration of DA levels can be related to different diseases, such as Alzheimer, schizophrenia, Parkinson, Huntington attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and paragangliomas. Dopamine (DA), a phenethylamine derivative produced by the adrenal medulla, is fundamental in many brain functions.
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